Understanding Mixed Phenotype Leukemia (MPAL)
Mixed phenotype leukemia (MPAL), characterized by the presence of both myeloid and lymphoid lineage markers, is a rare and complex form of leukemia. In the case of Amelia Topas, the diagnosis of both acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) simultaneously points to the challenging nature of MPAL and the complexities it presents in terms of treatment and prognosis.
MPAL is a subtype of acute leukemia in which leukemic blasts express antigens of more than one lineage, including both myeloid and lymphoid markers. This unique feature distinguishes MPAL from other forms of leukemia and poses significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment. The classification of MPAL is based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, which require the presence of at least 20% blasts expressing markers of two or more…
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